Methodology and Scientific Sources

Every formula implemented in CalcolaRischio is drawn from peer-reviewed publications. This page documents the sources, coefficients and limitations of each model.

BMI — Body Mass Index

Formula: BMI = Weight (kg) / Height² (m²). Classification thresholds (Underweight, Normal, Overweight, Obesity I/II/III) follow WHO 2000 recommendations.

WHO (2000). Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. WHO Consultation Report.

FINDRISC — Type 2 Diabetes Risk

Non-invasive screening tool for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus prevention. Adopted by WHO and European health organizations.

Lindström J, Tuomilehto J. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(3):725-731.

ASCVD — Pooled Cohort Equations (AHA/ACC 2013)

PCEs estimate 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events in the US population. Includes ethnicity and CKD/eGFR modifier.

Note: calibrated on 1980-1990 cohorts, may overestimate risk by 75-150% in the current population. Individual confidence interval ±30-40%.

Goff DC Jr et al. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S49-73.

SCORE2 — ESC 2021

Cox PH model calibrated for 4 European geographic risk areas. Uses Non-HDL cholesterol. Includes nephrological factor CKD/eGFR as independent risk modifier.

Hageman SHJ et al. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(25):2410-2421.

SCORE2-OP working group. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(25):2422-2434.

LEGAL AND MEDICAL DISCLAIMER: CalcolaRischio calculators are provided for statistical and informational purposes only. The author is not a doctor. No result constitutes a diagnosis, prognosis or therapeutic prescription. Always consult your doctor or specialist for any clinical decision.